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<![CDATA[THE INFLUENCE OF THE PALM SUGAR MASS ON THE MAKING OF THE COMPOS FROM THE PALM OIL SALES WITH ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION METHOD USING EM-4 ]]>
<![CDATA[Ramli, Ramli]]>;
<![CDATA[Marlinda, Marlinda]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4757
<![CDATA[Abstract- East Kalimantan, especially Kutai regency produces 1,112,442 tons/year of palm oil. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are one of the wastes generated in the processing of palm oil that is equal to 20-23% of the fresh fruit bunches, so the amount of EFB that can be generated is 244,737.24 tons/year. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of palm sugar as a nutrient to nutrient nitrogen EM4, phosphor and potassium in composting EFB. This research was conducted by varying the mass of Palm Sugar: 0.4000 g, 0.6000 g, 0.8000 g, 1.0000 g and 1.2000 g. The main composting process that was carried out by adding EM4 solution of 10 mL and 100 mL sugar solution into 200 grams EFB, letting it stand for 30 days, and after that the analysis was conducted. The total content of nutrients is highest on the mass of 1.2000 g palm sugar that is 3.174%. The conclusion of this study is the greater the mass of Palm Sugar is added, the greater the concentration of nutrients found in the composting by using bacterial EM4. Keywords: bio-activator EM4, palm Sugar, EFB.]]>
<![CDATA[THE PAPER CHARACTERISTICS FROM COMBINATION OF RICE HUSKS AND EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES ]]>
<![CDATA[Ristianingsih, Yuli]]>;
<![CDATA[Islami, Hero]]>;
<![CDATA[Sarwani, Muhammad]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4759
<![CDATA[Abstract- Rice husk and empty fruit bunches are agricultural and plantation wastes which have fiber cellulose and hemicellulose, it can be converted to pulp and paper. This research aims to study the effect of NaOH concentration (2, 4, 6 and 8% w/v) and raw material composition to pulp yield and to study characteristics of the paper combination of rice husk and empty fruit bunches using soda process based on SEM and XRD analysis.  This research using soda process because it is suitable for non-wood raw materials, low cost operations and not use sulfur compounds. Dry raw materials are mixed with NaOH and digesting using autoclave (100°C, 1 atm) for 60 minutes. NaOH concentration optimum used in the pulping process a combination rice husk and empty fruit bunches (1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1) and then cooled for 30 minutes. Pulp is bleached with NaClO 5.25% (v / v), then formed and dried as paper. The lowest pulp yield obtained in a ratio of 2: 1 is 27.6%. Based on the observation of SEM known the fiber of rice husk and empty fruit bunches is 5.88 to 9.8 μm and 8.82 to 14.71 μm, while based on XRD observations, chemical treatment can improve the characteristic of peak intensity on paper combination. The highest advances of peak intensity in the 1:3 ratio is 71.28% (cellulose I) dan  83.33% (cellulose II).                                                                                                                   Keywords: rice husk, empty fruit bunches, chemical pulping, soda process ]]>
<![CDATA[EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE AND ACTIVATION TIME OF ZEOLITE TO ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF NH4OH AND KCL AS MODEL OF FERTILIZER-ZEOLITE MIX ]]>
<![CDATA[Bimantio, Muhammad Prasanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4758
<![CDATA[Abstract - Zeolites can be used as adsorbent, ion exchange, catalyst, or catalyst carrier. Application of fertilizer use in the zeolite also be one of the interesting topic. Zeolites in a mixture of fertilizer can use to control the release of nutrients. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of grain size and time of the activation of zeolite to adsorption and desorption of NH4OH and KCl as modeling of ZA and KCl fertilizer, to obtain the value of adsorption rate constant (ka) and desorption rate constant (kd). This research procedure include: the process of adsorption by adding zeolite with various size and time of activation into a sealed beaker glass and let the adsorption process occurs for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the solution was filtered, the zeolite then put in 100 ml of aquadest into a sealed beaker glass and let the desorption process happened for another 24 hours. Three samples with the largest difference solution concentrations looked for the value of the ka and kd. Zeolite configuration with the largest ka is trialed with fertilizer and compared with the value of ka obtained from modeling. The result for NH4OH adsorbate, -50+60 mesh 2 hours configuration zeolite give the largest ka. For KCl adsorbate, -30+40 mesh 4 hours configuration zeolite give the largest ka. The value between modeling and trials with fertilizers are not much different. Keywords: zeolite, ZA fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, mathematical modelling.]]>
<![CDATA[ALUMINA RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE SLUDGE (SWS) PDAM BANJAR INTAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Sari, Retno Fitriana]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetyo, Winda Aryani]]>;
<![CDATA[Mirwan, Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4754
<![CDATA[Abstract- Solid Waste Sludge (SWS) PDAM are formed by deposition of solid particles in water that has been given a coagulant such as alum and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride). SWS PDAM have the content of alumina (Al2O3) is quite high, making it possible to get alumina by recovery process. This research aims to study the process of recovery of alumina from SWS PDAM and determine the condition of the process to obtain optimum alumina.The process of recovery of alumina from a material divided into three main processes. First process was calcination material to break the complex bonds aluminosilicate contained in the material, in which some compound was added before calcination and to used to bind the compound alum. The second process is the solid-liquid extraction (leaching) that serves to separate the silica and alumina. Silica will precipitate and alumina will dissolve. Next process is the decomposition of hydrolysis, the compound of Al will be heated by adding water so that the hydrated form of alumina.This research was conducted with several stages. First SWS PDAM is mixed with CaCl2, by variation ratio of CaCl2:SWS PDAM are 0,5:1, 1:1 and 1.5:1, then calcined at temperature of 800oC. Calcined particle with size 200 mesh was leached by HCl with variation concentration of 4M, 6M and 8M. Solution was added to 100ml of water and heated to 100ml left. Results were analyzed as %w / w alumina contained in the solution. The results of the best variations made to the recovery of alumina in this study is to use a variation of weight ratio 1:1 CaCl2 and SWS PDAM with HCl concentration on the leaching process of 8M obtained alumina recovery percentage 15.68%. Key words: alumina, SWS PDAM, calcination, leaching.]]>
<![CDATA[ADSORPTION OF TOFU WASTE USING WATER HYACINTH LEAVES POWDER FOR DECREASING BOD AND COD ]]>
<![CDATA[Wicakso, Doni Rahmat]]>;
<![CDATA[Koswartin, Tutang Kania]]>;
<![CDATA[Hardianto, Wahyu]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4753
<![CDATA[Abstract- Water hyacinth leaves can be utilized in the process of adsorbing organic substances. This study aims to determine the decrease of COD and BOD maximum levels, the optimum mass of water hyacinth leaves powder that used and the optimum adsorption time. This research was done by adsorbing the tofu waste using adsorbent from water hyacinth leaves powder. Adsorption process used the adsorbent mass variation of 2.8; 3.2; 3,4 and 4 gram, and variation of adsorption time is 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results of adsorption process are then centrifuged, the residue and filtrate will be separated. Then calculated the value of BOD and COD from the filtrate. The decreasing in COD levels in the variation of mass obtained 0; 13.63%; 27.27%; 27.27% and 40.91%, while the decreasing in BOD content was 0; 33.33%; 46.67%; 55.56%; and 73,33%, indicating that the more adsorbent in the tofu waste will decrease the value of BOD and COD while the decreasing of the level will be bigger. The optimum mass analysis results obtained 4 grams on the decrease of BOD and COD. The optimum time of adsorption at COD was 30 minutes while thereâs no equilibrium in BOD.  Keywords: biomass, water hyacinth leaves, tofu waste. ]]>
<![CDATA[UTILIZATION OF CASSAVA WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLYWOOD ADHESIVE EKSTENDER WITH DEXTRIN (WITH ACID CATALYST) ]]>
<![CDATA[Rukmini, Piyantina]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4756
<![CDATA[Abstract- Require of manihot Esculinta Crantz in Indonesia rises in every year as growth of Indonesian people, bioethanol industry,and animal food. Raw material that use in this research is cassava wastes. This research aimed to know the utilization of cassava waste,  the optimum condition  process of dextrin, and  to know the variable that influent the utilization of cassava waste in the production of adhesive ekstender ( catalyst  concentration and time). The dekstrin process need beaker glass, stirrer, electric stove with oilbatch heater, thermometer, screening 80 mesh. Cassava wastes  that keep on several days is burned without water at 800 C for 1 hours. Then drops acid catalyst ion the beaker glass with different concentration. Then the temperature is raised until 1100C for 1 hour. After the drying process, make it cool then screen it in to screener 80 mesh. The results show that on the higher concentration of acid, dextrin will get on the higher concentration. At the certain concentration of acid, dekstrin will not get in the high concentration. Maximum efficiency of the concentration of acid is 0,8 N. Keeping long day for cassava waste can make lower the concentration of dextrin. The best keeping day is the first day until four day.   Keywords: Cassava waste, dextrin, ekstender, wood adhesion]]>
<![CDATA[EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE AND ACTIVATION TIME OF ZEOLITE TO ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION OF NH4OH AND KCL AS MODEL OF FERTILIZER-ZEOLITE MIX ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Prasanto Bimantio]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4758
<![CDATA[Abstract - Zeolites can be used as adsorbent, ion exchange, catalyst, or catalyst carrier. Application of fertilizer use in the zeolite also be one of the interesting topic. Zeolites in a mixture of fertilizer can use to control the release of nutrients. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of grain size and time of the activation of zeolite to adsorption and desorption of NH4OH and KCl as modeling of ZA and KCl fertilizer, to obtain the value of adsorption rate constant (ka) and desorption rate constant (kd). This research procedure include: the process of adsorption by adding zeolite with various size and time of activation into a sealed beaker glass and let the adsorption process occurs for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the solution was filtered, the zeolite then put in 100 ml of aquadest into a sealed beaker glass and let the desorption process happened for another 24 hours. Three samples with the largest difference solution concentrations looked for the value of the ka and kd. Zeolite configuration with the largest ka is trialed with fertilizer and compared with the value of ka obtained from modeling. The result for NH4OH adsorbate, -50+60 mesh 2 hours configuration zeolite give the largest ka. For KCl adsorbate, -30+40 mesh 4 hours configuration zeolite give the largest ka. The value between modeling and trials with fertilizers are not much different. Keywords: zeolite, ZA fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, mathematical modelling.]]>
<![CDATA[ADSORPTION OF TOFU WASTE USING WATER HYACINTH LEAVES POWDER FOR DECREASING BOD AND COD ]]>
<![CDATA[Doni Rahmat Wicakso]]>;
<![CDATA[Tutang Kania Koswartin]]>;
<![CDATA[Wahyu Hardianto]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4753
<![CDATA[Abstract- Water hyacinth leaves can be utilized in the process of adsorbing organic substances. This study aims to determine the decrease of COD and BOD maximum levels, the optimum mass of water hyacinth leaves powder that used and the optimum adsorption time. This research was done by adsorbing the tofu waste using adsorbent from water hyacinth leaves powder. Adsorption process used the adsorbent mass variation of 2.8; 3.2; 3,4 and 4 gram, and variation of adsorption time is 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results of adsorption process are then centrifuged, the residue and filtrate will be separated. Then calculated the value of BOD and COD from the filtrate. The decreasing in COD levels in the variation of mass obtained 0; 13.63%; 27.27%; 27.27% and 40.91%, while the decreasing in BOD content was 0; 33.33%; 46.67%; 55.56%; and 73,33%, indicating that the more adsorbent in the tofu waste will decrease the value of BOD and COD while the decreasing of the level will be bigger. The optimum mass analysis results obtained 4 grams on the decrease of BOD and COD. The optimum time of adsorption at COD was 30 minutes while there’s no equilibrium in BOD. Keywords: biomass, water hyacinth leaves, tofu waste. ]]>
<![CDATA[ALUMINA RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE SLUDGE (SWS) PDAM BANJAR INTAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Retno Fitriana Sari]]>;
<![CDATA[Winda Aryani Prasetyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Agus Mirwan]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4754
<![CDATA[Abstract- Solid Waste Sludge (SWS) PDAM are formed by deposition of solid particles in water that has been given a coagulant such as alum and PAC (Poly Aluminum Chloride). SWS PDAM have the content of alumina (Al2O3) is quite high, making it possible to get alumina by recovery process. This research aims to study the process of recovery of alumina from SWS PDAM and determine the condition of the process to obtain optimum alumina.The process of recovery of alumina from a material divided into three main processes. First process was calcination material to break the complex bonds aluminosilicate contained in the material, in which some compound was added before calcination and to used to bind the compound alum. The second process is the solid-liquid extraction (leaching) that serves to separate the silica and alumina. Silica will precipitate and alumina will dissolve. Next process is the decomposition of hydrolysis, the compound of Al will be heated by adding water so that the hydrated form of alumina.This research was conducted with several stages. First SWS PDAM is mixed with CaCl2, by variation ratio of CaCl2:SWS PDAM are 0,5:1, 1:1 and 1.5:1, then calcined at temperature of 800oC. Calcined particle with size 200 mesh was leached by HCl with variation concentration of 4M, 6M and 8M. Solution was added to 100ml of water and heated to 100ml left. Results were analyzed as %w / w alumina contained in the solution. The results of the best variations made to the recovery of alumina in this study is to use a variation of weight ratio 1:1 CaCl2 and SWS PDAM with HCl concentration on the leaching process of 8M obtained alumina recovery percentage 15.68%. Key words: alumina, SWS PDAM, calcination, leaching.]]>
<![CDATA[UTILIZATION OF CASSAVA WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF PLYWOOD ADHESIVE EKSTENDER WITH DEXTRIN (WITH ACID CATALYST) ]]>
<![CDATA[Piyantina Rukmini]]>
<![CDATA[ Konversi Vol 6, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ]]>
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DOI: 10.20527/k.v6i2.4756
<![CDATA[Abstract- Require of manihot Esculinta Crantz in Indonesia rises in every year as growth of Indonesian people, bioethanol industry,and animal food. Raw material that use in this research is cassava wastes. This research aimed to know the utilization of cassava waste, the optimum condition process of dextrin, and to know the variable that influent the utilization of cassava waste in the production of adhesive ekstender ( catalyst concentration and time). The dekstrin process need beaker glass, stirrer, electric stove with oilbatch heater, thermometer, screening 80 mesh. Cassava wastes that keep on several days is burned without water at 800 C for 1 hours. Then drops acid catalyst ion the beaker glass with different concentration. Then the temperature is raised until 1100C for 1 hour. After the drying process, make it cool then screen it in to screener 80 mesh. The results show that on the higher concentration of acid, dextrin will get on the higher concentration. At the certain concentration of acid, dekstrin will not get in the high concentration. Maximum efficiency of the concentration of acid is 0,8 N. Keeping long day for cassava waste can make lower the concentration of dextrin. The best keeping day is the first day until four day. Keywords: Cassava waste, dextrin, ekstender, wood adhesion]]>
